Dr robert pacland biography of williams

American psychology professor (1930–2020)

Robert Lee Williams II (February 20, 1930 – August 12, 2020) was a professor emeritus of psychology and African and Afro-American studies at the Washington University in St.

Louis and a prominent figure in the history of African-AmericanPsychology.^[1] He founded the department of Black Studies at Washington University and served as its first director, developing a curriculum that would serve as a model throughout the country.

Williams was well known as a stalwart critic of racial and cultural biases in IQ testing^{[citation needed]}, coining the word "Ebonics" in 1973 and developing the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity.

He published more than sixty professional articles and several books. He was a founding member of the Association of Black Psychologists and served as its second president.

Childhood and family

Robert Lee Williams was born in Biscoe, Arkansas, on Febr